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1.
Int. j. morphol ; 41(3): 881-888, jun. 2023. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1514314

ABSTRACT

El conocimiento anatómico del canal nasopalatino (CNP) es fundamental para la realización de cirugías en el sector anterior del maxilar y así prever posibles complicaciones. El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar y determinar las variaciones anatómicas y dimensionales del CNP según sexo, edad y estado dental. Este estudio transversal analizó un total de 251 imágenes de TCHC obtenidas de la base de datos del Servicio de Imagenología Oral y Maxilofacial de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Andrés Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile. Para evaluar la asociación estadística entre variaciones del CNP con sexo, edad y estado dentario se realizó la prueba T de Student, chi-cuadrado y ANOVA (p0,05). Además, se detectó diferencia significativa entre el estado dentario y la dimensión de la tabla vestibular en relación con el CNP (p<0,01). Se deben considerar las variaciones de CNP para evitar posibles complicaciones durante los procedimientos quirúrgicos.


SUMMARY: Anatomical knowledge of the nasopalatine canal (PNC) is essential for performing surgeries in the anterior sector of the maxilla and thus anticipating possible complications. The objective of this work is to evaluate and determine the anatomical and dimensional variations of the CNP according to sex, age and dental status. This cross-sectional study analyzed a total of 251 CBCT images obtained from the database of the Oral and Maxillofacial Imaging Service of the Faculty of Dentistry of the Andrés Bello University, Viña del Mar, Chile. To evaluate the statistical association between CNP variations with sex, age and dental status, the Student's T test, chi-square and ANOVA (p0.05). In addition, a significant difference was detected between the dental state and the dimension of the vestibular table in relation to the CNP (p<0.01). CNP variations should be considered to avoid potential complications during surgical procedures.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Palate/diagnostic imaging , Nose/diagnostic imaging , Cone-Beam Computed Tomography , Anatomic Variation , Palate/anatomy & histology , Nose/anatomy & histology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Retrospective Studies , Age and Sex Distribution , Maxilla
2.
Dental press j. orthod. (Impr.) ; 26(1): e2119204, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1154065

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: Evaluate the height, thickness and cortical density of the palatal bone of adults with different vertical facial patterns using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). Methods: This study analyzed 75 CBCTs of patients between 18 and 35 years old (45 men and 30 women). The CBCTs were classified into three groups based on their facial pattern: normodivergent, hypodivergent and hyperdivergent as determined from lateral cephalograms synthesized from the CBCTs. The height, cortical thickness and cortical density of the palatal bone were measured at 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20mm posterior to the incisive foramen, and at 3, 6 and 9mm lateral to the midpalatal suture. ANOVA with Tukey post-hoc tests were used for analysis of the data, at significance level of p< 0.05. Results: The hypodivergent pattern had a significant difference and the greatest height and cortical thickness of the palatal bone, followed by the hyperdivergent and the normodivergent patterns. No significant differences were found in minimum and maximum values of cortical density. Conclusion: The palatal bone is a favorable anatomical area to install different orthodontic temporary anchorage devices (TADs), where individuals with the hypodivergent vertical facial pattern have a higher height and cortical thickness of the palatal bone, followed by the hyperdivergent pattern and finally the normodivergent pattern. No significant differences in the cortical density of the palatal bone in the three facial patterns were found.


RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a altura, a espessura e a densidade cortical do osso palatino em adultos com diferentes padrões faciais verticais, utilizando a tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC). Métodos: O presente estudo analisou 75 TCFCs de pacientes com idades entre 18 e 35 anos (45 homens e 30 mulheres). As TCFCs foram classificadas em três grupos, de acordo com seus padrões faciais: normodivergentes, hipodivergentes e hiperdivergentes, conforme determinado na radiografia cefalométrica lateral reconstruída das TCFCs. Altura, espessura e densidade cortical do osso palatino foram aferidas a 4, 8, 12, 16 e 20 mm para posterior do forame incisivo e a 3, 6 e 9 mm lateralmente à sutura transpalatina. Os testes ANOVA e post-hoc de Tukey foram utilizados para análise dos dados, com nível de significância de p< 0,05. Resultados: O padrão hipodivergente apresentou uma diferença significativa e a maior altura e espessura cortical do osso palatino, seguido pelos padrões hiperdivergente e normodivergente. Nenhuma diferença estatisticamente significativa foi encontrada nos valores mínimos e máximos da densidade cortical. Conclusão: O osso palatino é uma área anatomicamente favorável para instalar diferentes dispositivos de ancoragem temporária. Indivíduos com padrão facial vertical hipodivergente apresentam maior altura e espessura cortical do osso palatino, seguido do padrão hiperdivergente e finalmente do padrão normodivergente. Não foi encontrada qualquer diferença significativa na densidade cortical do osso palatino entre os três padrões faciais.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Dental Implants , Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures , Palate/surgery , Palate/diagnostic imaging , Face , Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
3.
Int. j. morphol ; 37(4): 1272-1279, Dec. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1040124

ABSTRACT

La morfología y dimensiones de ciertas estructuras anatómicas varían de población a población, así como de individuo a individuo; el canal nasopalatino (CNP) es una de estas estructuras, este se encuentra ubicado en la línea media del paladar y aloja el nervio nasopalatino y la rama terminal de la arteria nasopalatina. El propósito de este estudio es determinar la morfología y dimensiones promedio del CNP en la población mexicana mediante tomografía computarizada de haz cónico (CBCT). Se analizaron 120 CBCT de manera coronal, transversal y sagital; y se clasificaron siguiendo los parámetros de Bornstein. Para el análisis estadístico se determinó la normalidad de las variables empleando la prueba de Shapiro Wilk y la significancia estadística mediante la prueba de UMann Whitney. Los resultados mostraron diferencias estadísticas significativas en las variables analizadas del canal nasopalatino entre hombres y mujeres. De acuerdo con los datos obtenidos se puede establecer que la morfología del CNP es muy variable y se recomienda realizar un estudio morfológico y dimensional antes de cualquier intervención quirúrgica relacionada con esta zona.


Certain human structures present different dimensions and morphologies in each population and individual, the nasopalatine canal being one of these. It is located in the midline of the palate, and it contains the nasopalatine nerve and the terminal branch of the nasopalatine artery. The purpose of this study was to analyze and record measurements of the nasopalatine duct in Mexican population by Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). A total of 120 CBCT coronal, transversal and sagittal views were analyzed. The data were classified according to Bornstein´s parameters. The normality of the variables was determined with the Shapiro Wilk test and the statistical significance was determinate by U-Mann Whitney test. A statistically significant difference was found in the evaluated variables of the nasopalatal canal between men and women. The data obtained determined that the morphology of the nasopalatine canal is variable and a morphological and dimensional analysis before any surgical intervention related with the area is recommended.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Palate/anatomy & histology , Nose/anatomy & histology , Cone-Beam Computed Tomography , Palate/diagnostic imaging , Sex Factors , Nose/diagnostic imaging , Mexico
4.
J. bras. pneumol ; 45(4): e20180264, 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1019983

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine whether airway narrowing during obstructive events occurs predominantly at the retropalatal level and results from dynamic changes in the lateral pharyngeal walls and in tongue position. Methods: We evaluated 11 patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and 7 healthy controls without OSA during wakefulness and during natural sleep (documented by full polysomnography). Using fast multidetector CT, we obtained images of the upper airway in the waking and sleep states. Results: Upper airway narrowing during sleep was significantly greater at the retropalatal level than at the retroglossal level in the OSA group (p < 0.001) and in the control group (p < 0.05). The retropalatal airway volume was smaller in the OSA group than in the control group during wakefulness (p < 0.05) and decreased significantly from wakefulness to sleep only among the OSA group subjects. Retropalatal pharyngeal narrowing was attributed to reductions in the anteroposterior diameter (p = 0.001) and lateral diameter (p = 0.006), which correlated with an increase in lateral pharyngeal wall volume (p = 0.001) and posterior displacement of the tongue (p = 0.001), respectively. Retroglossal pharyngeal narrowing during sleep did not occur in the OSA group subjects. Conclusions: In patients with OSA, upper airway narrowing during sleep occurs predominantly at the retropalatal level, affecting the anteroposterior and lateral dimensions, being associated with lateral pharyngeal wall enlargement and posterior tongue displacement.


Resumo Objetivo: Determinar se o estreitamento das vias aéreas durante eventos obstrutivos ocorre predominantemente na região retropalatal e resulta de alterações dinâmicas nas paredes laterais da faringe e na posição da língua. Métodos: Avaliamos 11 pacientes com apneia obstrutiva do sono (AOS) grave (grupo AOS) e 7 indivíduos saudáveis sem AOS (grupo controle) durante a vigília e o sono natural (documentado por meio de polissonografia completa). Por meio de TC multidetectores rápida, obtivemos imagens das vias aéreas superiores no estado de vigília e de sono. Resultados: O estreitamento das vias aéreas superiores durante o sono foi significativamente maior na região retropalatal do que na região retrolingual no grupo AOS (p < 0,001) e no grupo controle (p < 0,05). O volume da via aérea retropalatal foi menor no grupo AOS do que no grupo controle durante a vigília (p < 0,05) e diminuiu significativamente da vigília ao sono apenas no grupo AOS. O estreitamento retropalatal da faringe foi atribuído à redução do diâmetro anteroposterior (p = 0,001) e lateral (p = 0,006), que se correlacionou com o aumento do volume das paredes laterais da faringe (p = 0,001) e o deslocamento posterior da língua (p = 0,001). Não ocorreu estreitamento retrolingual da faringe durante o sono no grupo AOS. Conclusões: Em pacientes com AOS, o estreitamento das vias aéreas superiores durante o sono ocorre predominantemente na região retropalatal e afeta as dimensões anteroposterior e lateral, além de estar relacionado com aumento das paredes laterais da faringe e deslocamento posterior da língua.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Tongue/diagnostic imaging , Pharyngeal Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/diagnostic imaging , Multidetector Computed Tomography/methods , Palate/physiopathology , Palate/pathology , Palate/diagnostic imaging , Pharynx/physiopathology , Pharynx/pathology , Pharynx/diagnostic imaging , Reference Values , Respiratory Tract Diseases/physiopathology , Respiratory Tract Diseases/pathology , Respiratory Tract Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Tongue/physiopathology , Tongue/pathology , Wakefulness/physiology , Pharyngeal Diseases/physiopathology , Pharyngeal Diseases/pathology , Case-Control Studies , Polysomnography , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/physiopathology , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/pathology
5.
Dental press j. orthod. (Impr.) ; 23(6): 16-29, Nov.-Dec. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-975033

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate topographic and temporal aspects of premaxillary bone and premaxillary-maxillary suture, since they are fundamental anatomical elements little explored clinically. Methods: 1,138 human dry skulls were evaluated, of which 116 (10.19%) of the specimens were children, and 1,022 (89.81%) were adults. The skulls were photographed and the percentage of premaxillary-maxillary suture opening was determined. Subsequently the data were tabulated and submitted to statistical analysis, adopting a level of significance of 5%. Results: The progression of premaxillary suture closure from birth to 12 years of age was 3.72% per year. In 100% of the skulls up to 12 years, the premaxillary-maxillary suture open in the palatal region was observed, while 6.16% of adults presented different degrees of opening. Conclusions: The premaxilla exists in an independent way within the maxillary complex and the presence of the premaxilla-maxillary suture justifies the success of anteroposterior expansions to stimulate the growth of the middle third of the face, solving anatomical and functional problems.


RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar aspectos topográficos e temporais do osso pré-maxilar e da sutura pré-maxilar/maxilar, por serem elementos anatômicos fundamentais pouco explorados clinicamente. Métodos: foram avaliados 1.138 crânios secos humanos, sendo 116 (10,19%) dos espécimes crianças e 1.022 (89,81%) adultos. Os crânios foram fotografados e determinou-se a porcentagem de abertura da sutura pré-maxilar/maxilar. Posteriormente, os dados foram tabulados e submetidos a análise estatística, adotando-se nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: a progressão de fechamento da sutura pré-maxilar/maxilar do nascimento aos 12 anos de idade foi de 3,72% ao ano. Em 100% dos crânios até 12 anos, observou-se a sutura pré-maxilar/maxilar aberta na região palatina, enquanto 6,16% dos adultos apresentavam diferentes graus. Conclusões: a pré-maxila existe de forma independente dentro do complexo maxilar e a presença da sutura pré-maxilar / maxilar justifica o sucesso de expansões anteroposteriores para estimular o crescimento do terço médio da face, solucionando problemas anatômicos e funcionais.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adult , Skull/anatomy & histology , Skull/growth & development , Cranial Sutures/anatomy & histology , Cranial Sutures/growth & development , Maxilla/anatomy & histology , Maxilla/growth & development , Maxillofacial Development/physiology , Orthodontics, Corrective , Palate/anatomy & histology , Palate/growth & development , Palate/diagnostic imaging , Skull/diagnostic imaging , Age Factors , Maxilla/diagnostic imaging
6.
Braz. oral res. (Online) ; 32: e64, 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-952162

ABSTRACT

Abstract This is a cross-sectional study that aimed to estimate maxillary sinus floor (MSF) pneumatization in single missing tooth of posterior maxilla, by using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). CBCT images were analyzed bilaterally and divided into 2 groups: edentulous site (EdS) - edentulous single region of upper second premolar, first or second molars; Tooth site (TS) - contralateral region homologous to the EdS region, with tooth present. Variables evaluated were: sinus height (SH), estimated sinus pneumatization (eSP: ∆ EdS - TS), healed ridge height (HR) and presence of localized sinus pneumatization (LSP) in molars teeth at TS. HR were categorized according to therapeutic option for posterior maxilla. 183 CBCT scans were included and it was observed that EdS presented a higher SH than the TS (p < 0.001) showing an eSP of 0.9 ± 2.93 mm. First molars presented the highest SH for both sides, although significant differences were detected when compared to second molars. First molars were mostly affected by LSP at TS (36 out of 43). Individuals with LSP at TS presented lower HR than the ones without LSP (p < 0.05). 54% of the cases presenting LSP obtained HR < 5 mm, which indicates sinus lift surgery. The present study showed that tooth loss in posterior maxilla favors sinus pneumatization and the identification of LSP at molar roots seems to indicate a greater necessity for sinus lift surgeries.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Maxillary Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Alveolar Bone Loss/diagnostic imaging , Tooth Loss/complications , Maxillary Sinus/diagnostic imaging , Palate/pathology , Palate/diagnostic imaging , Reference Values , Maxillary Diseases/etiology , Maxillary Diseases/pathology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Retrospective Studies , Analysis of Variance , Alveolar Bone Loss/etiology , Alveolar Bone Loss/pathology , Tooth Loss/diagnostic imaging , Statistics, Nonparametric , Cone-Beam Computed Tomography/methods , Alveolar Process/pathology , Alveolar Process/diagnostic imaging , Maxillary Sinus/growth & development , Maxillary Sinus/pathology , Middle Aged , Nasal Cavity/pathology , Nasal Cavity/diagnostic imaging
7.
Dental press j. orthod. (Impr.) ; 21(6): 115-125, Sept.-Oct. 2016. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-840199

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Rapid maxillary expansion (RME) primarily involves the mechanical opening of the midpalatal suture of the maxillary and palatine bones. The fusion of the midpalatal suture determines the failure of RME, a common event in late adolescents and young adults. Recently, the assessment of the maturation of midpalatal suture as viewed using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) has been introduced. Five maturational stages of the midpalatal suture have been presented: Stage A = straight high-density sutural line, with no or little interdigitation; Stage B = scalloped appearance of the high-density sutural line; Stage C = two parallel, scalloped, high-density lines that lie close to each other, separated in some areas by small low-density spaces; Stage D = fusion of the palatine bone where no evidence of a suture is present; and Stage E = complete fusion that extends also anteriorly in the maxilla. At Stage C, less skeletal response would be expected than at Stages A and B, as there are many bony bridges along the suture. For patients at Stages D and E, surgically assisted RME would be necessary, as the fusion of the midpalatal suture already has occurred either partially or totally. This diagnostic method can be used to estimate the prognosis of the RME, mainly for late adolescents and young adults for whom this procedure is unpredictable clinically.


RESUMO A expansão rápida da maxila (ERM) essencialmente consiste na abertura mecânica da sutura palatina mediana tanto nos ossos maxilares quanto nos ossos palatinos. A fusão da sutura palatina mediana determina o insucesso da ERM, um evento comum na adolescência tardia e fase adulta jovem. Recentemente, propôs-se a avaliação da maturação da sutura palatina mediana em tomografias computadorizadas de feixe cônico (TCFC), sendo apresentados cinco estágios maturacionais: Estágio A = linha sutural de alta densidade retilínea, sem ou com suave interdigitação; Estágio B = linha sutural de alta densidade, com aspecto tortuoso; Estágio C = duas linhas de alta densidade, paralelas e curvilíneas, que se aproximam em algumas regiões e, em outras, são separadas por espaços de baixa densidade; Estágio D = a fusão ocorreu no osso palatino, onde não há evidência de sutura; e Estágio E = fusão completa, que se estende anteriormente na maxila. No Estágio C, esperam-se menores efeitos esqueléticos da ERM, comparado aos Estágios A e B, visto que há muitas pontes ósseas ao longo da sutura. Para pacientes nos Estágios D e E, a expansão rápida da maxila assistida cirurgicamente (ERMAC) seria necessária, já que a fusão da sutura palatina mediana ocorreu parcial ou totalmente. Esse método de diagnóstico pode ser utilizado para estimar o prognóstico da ERM, principalmente na adolescência tardia e fase adulta jovem, período em que esse procedimento ainda apresenta-se imprevisível clinicamente.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Palate/diagnostic imaging , Palatal Expansion Technique , Cone-Beam Computed Tomography/methods , Palate/surgery , Orthodontic Brackets , Cranial Sutures/diagnostic imaging
8.
Dental press j. orthod. (Impr.) ; 21(6): 82-90, Sept.-Oct. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-840191

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the skeletal and dental effects of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) in cleft patients using two types of expanders. Methods: Twenty unilateral cleft lip and palate patients were randomly divided into two groups, according to the type of expander used: (I) modified Hyrax and (II) inverted Mini-Hyrax. A pretreatment cone-beam computed tomographic image (T0) was taken as part of the initial orthodontic records and three months after RME, for bone graft planning (T1). Results: In general, there was no significant difference among groups (p > 0.05). Both showed a significant transverse maxillary expansion (p < 0.05) and no significant forward and/or downward movement of the maxilla (p > 0.05). There was greater dental crown than apical expansion. Maxillary posterior expansion tended to be larger than anterior opening (p < 0.05). Cleft and non-cleft sides were symmetrically expanded and there was no difference in dental tipping between both sides (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The appliances tested are effective in the transverse expansion of the maxilla. However, these appliances should be better indicated to cleft cases also presenting posterior transverse discrepancy, since there was greater expansion in the posterior maxillary region than in the anterior one.


RESUMO Objetivo: o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos esqueléticos e dentários da expansão rápida da maxila (ERM) em pacientes fissurados, utilizando dois tipos de disjuntores. Métodos: vinte pacientes com fissura labiopalatal unilateral foram aleatoriamente divididos em dois grupos, de acordo com o tipo de aparelho utilizado: (1) Hyrax modificado e (2) Mini-Hyrax invertido. Tomografias computadorizadas de feixe cônico foram obtidas antes do tratamento (T0), como parte da documentação ortodôntica inicial, e três meses após a ERM, para o planejamento de enxertia óssea (T1). Resultados: não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos (p>0,05). Ambos apresentaram significativa expansão transversal da maxila (p<0,05), sem significativa movimentação anterior e/ou inferior da maxila (p>0,05). Houve uma maior expansão transversal das coroas em relação à expansão nos ápices. A tendência observada foi uma maior expansão na região posterior da maxila, em comparação à anterior (p<0,05). Avaliando o deslocamento dos lados fissurado e não fissurado, a expansão ocorreu de maneira simétrica e não houve diferença na inclinação dentária entre os lados (p>0,05). Conclusões: os aparelhos testados são eficazes na expansão transversal da maxila em pacientes fissurados. Porém, esses aparelhos seriam melhor indicados para casos de fissura labiopalatal com atresia transversal posterior, uma vez que a expansão foi maior na região posterior da maxila do que na região anterior.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Orthodontic Appliances , Palatal Expansion Technique/instrumentation , Cleft Palate/therapy , Palate/diagnostic imaging , Cleft Palate/diagnostic imaging , Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
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